The role of interferon
(A) type I interferon
(1) antiviral and antitumor effects
1) to induce host cells to produce antiviral proteins that interfere with viral replication;
2) to enhance the ability of NK cells to kill cells and tumor cells;
3) to promote the expression of MHC-I molecules, enhanced CTL on virus-infected cells and tumor cells such as the ability to kill cells.
(2) immunoregulation: similar to type II interferon.
(B) type II interferon
(a) mainly from the role of immune regulation
1) activated macrophages;
2) to promote APC 3 expression of MHC class II molecules, improve the ability of antigen presentation;
3) promote the expression of MHC class I molecules and enhance the cytotoxicity of CTL cells;
4) enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells;
5) to promote B cell differentiation, proliferation;
6) inhibit Th2 cell differentiation and cytokine synthesis.
(b) antiviral and antitumor effects (similar to type I interferon).
Characteristics of interferon
(1) Indirectness
By inducing cells to produce antiviral proteins and other effects molecules to inhibit the virus.
(2) broad spectrum
Antiviral protein is a class of enzymes, the role of non-specific. The majority of the virus have a certain inhibitory effect.
(3) species is specific
Generally in the same cell activity is high, no activity of different cells.
(4) play a role quickly
Interferon can disrupt infection of infected cells and limit virus spread. Interferon plays an important role in the initial stage of infection, humoral and cellular immune effects.
Interferon antiviral mechanism
(1) The initially infected cells are induced to produce interferon due to viral nucleic acid stimulation, which spreads out through the cell membrane and enters the bloodstream into other cells.
(2) Interferon can not directly prevent the virus from adsorbing, penetrating or releasing, but acting on the host cell to produce antiviral protein (AVP), attached to the nucleoprotein of the cell, selectively inhibiting the translation of viral mRNA into Virus protein, thus affecting the viral structure of protein and enzyme synthesis, so that replication is inhibited and showing the role of anti-virus.
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