One article to understand autoimmune diseases

Inflammatory disease (AID) is a hereditary, cyclical, noninvasive inflammatory disease, which is often associated with innate immune abnormalities, early onset of onset, clinical manifestations of fever, rash, arthritis, serositis Recurrent systemic inflammatory response, laboratory examination shows the rise of acute phase reactants.

Inflammatory disease can be divided into single gene, polygene inheritance. The former includes familial familial Mediterranean fever, TNF receptor-related periodic syndrome, mevalonate kinase deficiency, pediatric renal amyloidosis, familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, neonatal onset multiple system inflammation Disease, Blau syndrome, suppurative aseptic arthritis - gangrenous pyoderma - acne syndrome, Majeed syndrome (chronic repeated multifocal osteomyelitis, congenital erythropoietic anemia, neutrophil skin disease). The latter includes periodic fever - aphthous stomatitis - pharyngitis - lymphadenitis, Crohn's disease, gout / pseudo gout, idiopathic recurrent pericarditis.

Concept

Under normal circumstances, the body's immune system only on their own foreign body antigen reaction, but for some reason the body of its own tissue cells immune response, known as autoimmune.

Autoimmune diseases are a common, multiple, chronic disease that can cause a specific target organ or multiple systems due to loss of immune tolerance of the autoantigen.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is complicated, and the pathogenesis of most diseases is not entirely clear, mainly with pathogenic microbial infection, dendritic cells, CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells, Th17 cells and related cytokines, Fas / FasL-induced apoptosis and many other factors related.

Features

Autoimmune diseases have the following characteristics: the incidence increased year by year, and with the region, ethnic changes; women more common, longer course, repeated illness; serum can detect high titers of autoantibodies and / or sensitized lymph Cells; the pathological features of tissues and organs manifested as immune inflammation, and the extent of injury and autoantibodies or sensitized lymphocytes against the distribution of the antigen corresponds to; overlap phenomenon; most diseases there is no cure, but timely, regular treatment can Significantly improve symptoms, reduce disease progression.

classification

Autoimmune diseases can be divided into organ-specific autoimmune diseases and systemic (systemic) autoimmune diseases in accordance with the range of affected organ tissues.

(1) organ-specific autoimmune diseases

Endocrine system: autoimmune thyroiditis (Hasimoto disease), hyperthyroidism (Graves disease), type I diabetes (youth type, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), autoimmune adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease), autoimmune ovarian inflammation Autoimmune orchitis.

Hematopoietic system: autoimmune hemolytic anemia, paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune neutropenia, pernicious anemia, and pure red blood cell anemia.

Neuromuscular system: myasthenia gravis, autoimmune polyneuritis, multiple sclerosis.

Cardiopulmonary system: rheumatic myocarditis, pulmonary hemorrhage and nephritis syndrome (Goodpasture syndrome), postoperative incision syndrome.

(2) systemic (systemic) autoimmune diseases

Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren syndrome (keratitis, mumps, arthritis), polymyositis, scleroderma.

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