Three minutes to understand the chemokine study

Chemokines Chemokines are a class of cytokines that chemotaxize different target cells, and that is, cytokines that control cell-directed migration. Chemokines are a class of small molecule cytokines, mostly 8-10KD of protein.

The cells migrate along the chemokine source along the signal that the concentration of chemokines increases. Some chemokines control immune cell chemotaxis during immune surveillance, such as inducing lymphocytes to move to lymph nodes, where lymphocytes interact with antigen-presenting cells to monitor pathogen invasion, which is known as steady-state chemotaxis Factor, which produces no stimulation and secretion; some chemokines play a role in development, they can stimulate the formation of new blood vessels, and guide cells to migrate to specific tissues to mature;

Some chemokines are associated with inflammation and are released by a variety of cells when cells respond to bacterial infections, viral infections, and physical damage. Their primary role is in the regulation of leukocytes (such as mononuclear cells and neutrophils) from blood circulation to infection Or tissue damage sites, some of which chemokines can activate the immune response and promote wound healing.

Functionally, chemokines are broadly divided into two broad categories:

Steady-state chemokines are mainly responsible for basal levels of leukocyte migration, such as CCL14, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, CCL27, CXCL12 and CXCL13. Of course, this classification is not absolute, CCL20 is also a proinflammatory chemokine.

Inflammatory chemokines: induced by pathogenic conditions such as IL-1, TNF-alpha, LPS or viral infection and chemotaxis to inflammatory sites such as CXCL-8, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5 , CCL11, CXCL10.

Chemocated cell types:

Monocytes / macrophages: CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL13, CCL17 and CCL22 chemotaxis these cells into the inflammatory site.

T lymphocytes: CCL2, CCL1, CCL22 and CCL17 chemotaxis T cells to the inflammatory site.

Mast cells: It expresses receptors for CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CXCR2 and CXCR4.

Eosinophils: it migrates into tissues that involve CCL11 (eotaxin), CCL24, CCL26, CCL5 (RANTES), CCL7, CCL13 and CCL3.

Neutrophils: mainly regulated by CXC-like chemokines, such as CXCL8 (IL-8).

Biobool provides more than 100 antibodies against 50 chemokines and receptors in humans, mice, rats, horses, pigs, and sheep for flow, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and WB. Twenty-seven high-purity recombinant chemokines were also provided for control or functional testing.

Examples of studies - Chemotaxis on the chemotaxis of immune cells

In order to show that renal macrophages play a role in hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) kidney disease, HUS mice were used as models to evaluate the recruitment and infiltration inhibition of renal macrophages. The chemokine MCP-1 / CCL2, MIP-1α / CCL3, and RANTES (CCL5) were significantly increased in the kidney by immunohistochemistry in mice after simultaneous administration of purified Stx2 and LPS. Induced production, which is consistent with the infiltration of macrophages.

D in the arrows refers to the simultaneous administration of Stx2 and LPS after RANTES staining, F arrows referred to as MIP-1α staining, C and E were applied saline control staining.

The mechanism of facial motor neuron (FMN) survival after facial nerve injury depends on the interaction of CD4 + Th2 cells with the antigen-presenting cells in the surrounding region and the microglia in the central nervous system. How does Th2 cells migrate to the facial motion nuclear? In this study, the expression of Th2 cell-associated chemokine receptor CCR3 (CD193) was detected in facial nucleus after facial nerve injury. Immunofluorescence assay showed that CCR3 expression was located in FMN.

Damaged FMN expresses CCR3, but the injury does not induce microglia (CD68 signaling) or astrocytes (GFAP signaling) to express CCR3.

Research Examples - Chemokines play a role in the development and progression of tumors

Cancer-related interstitial fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main constituent cells of the mesenchymal in situ and metastatic carcinoma activation. This study analyzed the phenotypic characteristics of CAFs in human colorectal cancer liver metastases (CLMs) and its role in inflammation and tumor progression. The results show that CLMs are regions of inflammation and expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) , It is a tumor invasion and angiogenesis related to chemokines.

Transfection of interstitial fibroblasts in situ was positive for IL-8 in situ.

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