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Catalog
E031023
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species
Human
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Genegranulin
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SpecificityCommercially available sera from bovine, cat, chicken, dog, donkey, goat, guinea pig, horse, mouse, pig, rabbit, rat and sheep were diluted 1:5 und 1:41 and used as samples in this assay system and the signal intensity was measured. No cross reactivity was detected.
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SamplesSerum, Plasma , tissue homogenates,Cell culture supernates,Other biological fluids.
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SensitivityThe analytical sensitivity of the assay yields 0.018 ng/ml (pg/ml; as 2x SD of zero standard in 19fold determination).
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Intended UseHuman granulin ELISA Kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of granulin , concentrations in serum, Plasma , tissue homogenates and Cell culture supernates and Other biological fluids.
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StorageFor 5-7days:Store the whole kit at 4℃
For a Long time :Store the Substrate at 4℃, other reagent should store at -20℃.
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Product Categories/FamilyImmunology; Cytokines & Cell Signalling; Oncology; Research Assays; Assay Categories
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Product Description
specificalBackground: Progranulin is also known as Granulin Epithelin Precursor, Proepithelin or Acrogranin. It is a 68.5 kDa protein, consisting of 593 amino acids (inclusive Signalpeptid), which appears in vivo in strongly glycosylated form and therefore has a size of approximately 90 kDa (1). Progranulin has seven conserved domains, which are separated by linker sequences. By means of proteolytic cleavage, catalyzed by serine proteases like e.g. elastase, 6-25 kDa large fragments result, that are called Granulines or Epithelines. Progranulin is expressed and secreted in particular in strongly proliferating tissues such as adenoid tissue, spleen, skin epithelium, gastrointestinal mucous membranes, haematopoietic cells and in tumor cells. Until now no specific receptors, which would obtain the effect of Progranulin or the Granulines are known (2, 3). Progranulin seems to be a factor, which affects the wound healing positively. In case of skin lesions the expression is increased in ceratinocytes, in macrophages and in neutrophile cells. Progranulin affects the wound healing indirectly by activation of macrophages and stimulation of angiogenesis in the damaged tissue (4). The physiological effects of Progranulin and Granulines are oppositional. Progranulin can restrain TNF? mediated proinflammatory processes. On the other hand the Granulines seem to stimulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The influence of Progranulin on inflammatory processes could be shown also in arteriosclerotic plaques. Here Progranulin is expressed by smooth muscle cells and affects the migration of monocytes and smooth muscle cells (5). In the central nervous system Progranulin is expressed in microglia and neurons (in neocortical and hippocampal pyramid cells as well as in purkinje cells in the cerebellum). On mRNA level a clear increase of Progranulin expression could be shown during infections or injuries of the CNS, for example in mucopolysaccharidosis type I and IIIB, in viral inflammations of CNS, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in Alzheimer's disease. Beyond that Progranulin seems to be of relevance in the development of sex specific differences during pre- and postnatal development and also for the neural plasticity in adults (6).
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